7 Landmark Judgments by CJI Chandrachud That Shaped Modern Indian Law
Explore the landmark judgments delivered by Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud that have shaped modern Indian jurisprudence. From privacy rights and gender equality to the decriminalization of Section 377 and protection of dissent, learn about key rulings that uphold constitutional values and individual rights.
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Chief Justice of India (CJI) D.Y. Chandrachud has been an influential figure in India’s judicial landscape, known for his forward-thinking and human-centric approach. His tenure has been marked by landmark judgments that reflect progressive interpretations of the Constitution, protection of individual rights, and safeguarding democracy. Below, we highlight seven key judgments delivered or influenced by CJI Chandrachud that have left an indelible mark on Indian jurisprudence.
1. Puttaswamy vs. Union of India (2017) – Right to Privacy as a Fundamental Right
CJI Chandrachud was part of the nine-judge bench that unanimously ruled in favor of recognizing the right to privacy as an intrinsic part of the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 of the Constitution. This judgment laid the foundation for various legal reforms, including data protection and digital privacy. Chandrachud’s opinion highlighted that the right to privacy was essential to human dignity and autonomy, strengthening the concept of individual liberty in India.
2. Navtej Singh Johar vs. Union of India (2018) – Decriminalization of Section 377
As a member of the Constitutional bench that ruled on the decriminalization of homosexuality, CJI Chandrachud’s perspective played a pivotal role in striking down the colonial-era law, Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code. The judgment was a landmark victory for LGBTQ+ rights, affirming that the Constitution protects the rights of individuals to love whom they choose without fear of discrimination. His opinion underscored the importance of inclusivity, dignity, and the right to personal freedom.
3. Sabarimala Temple Case (2018) – Women’s Right to Worship
CJI Chandrachud was part of the bench that ruled in favor of allowing women of all ages entry into the Sabarimala temple in Kerala, challenging the long-held practice that excluded women of menstruating age. His concurring opinion emphasized that constitutional morality must prevail over societal norms, and that the practice was discriminatory and violated fundamental rights. This judgment underscored his commitment to gender equality and the non-negotiability of constitutional rights over religious customs.
4. Ayodhya Verdict (2019) – A Balanced Resolution
In the historic Ayodhya land dispute, CJI Chandrachud was part of the five-judge bench that delivered a unanimous judgment. While the bench ruled in favor of the construction of a Ram temple at the disputed site, it also ensured that an alternative five-acre land was provided for a mosque in Ayodhya. This verdict, while sensitive, attempted to balance religious sentiments and uphold the secular principles of the Constitution.
5. Joseph Shine vs. Union of India (2018) – Decriminalization of Adultery
CJI Chandrachud was a crucial member of the bench that declared Section 497 of the Indian Penal Code unconstitutional. This colonial-era provision criminalized adultery and treated women as the property of their husbands. The judgment not only removed a discriminatory law but also reinforced gender equality and the autonomy of women. Chandrachud’s observations stressed that the state has no authority to intrude upon an individual’s private relationships and personal choices.
6. Bhima Koregaon Case (2021) – Protection of Dissent
Although not the primary author, CJI Chandrachud’s opinions in various judgments concerning civil liberties and dissent stand out. His observations during hearings on cases like the Bhima Koregaon incident have showcased his commitment to protecting the freedom of speech and the importance of dissent in a democracy. He has repeatedly emphasized that criticizing the government or holding dissenting views should not be met with coercive measures.
7. Marital Rape Exception Debate (2023)
CJI Chandrachud played an influential role in deliberations on the issue of marital rape. His stance reflected a progressive approach, challenging the long-standing exception in the Indian Penal Code that allows non-consensual sex between married partners. He pointed out that marriage does not imply unconditional consent and that forced intercourse within a marriage constitutes a violation of an individual’s bodily autonomy and dignity.
Conclusion
CJI D.Y. Chandrachud’s tenure is marked by a series of landmark judgments that have fortified the principles of constitutional democracy, individual liberty, and social equality in India. His interpretations of the law often embody a deep understanding of human rights and a fearless commitment to progressive jurisprudence. His rulings, which span issues from privacy and gender rights to freedom of expression and social justice, reinforce the notion that the judiciary serves as a guardian of constitutional values, capable of adapting to the evolving needs of society.
CJI Chandrachud’s landmark judgments have not only set new legal precedents but have also resonated deeply with the spirit of India’s democratic and pluralistic ethos. As the country continues to navigate complex social and legal challenges, his contributions will undoubtedly remain a guiding light for future legal and policy reforms.
FAQ:
1. Who is CJI D.Y. Chandrachud?
CJI D.Y. Chandrachud is the current Chief Justice of India, known for his progressive and human-centric judgments that have significantly influenced Indian constitutional law.
2. What are some notable judgments delivered by CJI Chandrachud?
Some of his landmark judgments include the recognition of the right to privacy as a fundamental right, the decriminalization of Section 377, and rulings on gender equality such as the Sabarimala temple case.
3. How did CJI Chandrachud contribute to the right to privacy?
CJI Chandrachud was part of the bench in the Puttaswamy vs. Union of India case, which declared the right to privacy a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.
4. What was the impact of the judgment on Section 377?
The decriminalization of Section 377 marked a historic moment for LGBTQ+ rights in India, affirming that consensual adult relationships should not be subject to legal discrimination.
5. What is the significance of the Sabarimala case judgment?
The Sabarimala judgment allowed women of all ages to enter the Sabarimala temple, promoting gender equality and emphasizing that religious practices should align with constitutional morality.
6. What is CJI Chandrachud’s stance on marital rape?
CJI Chandrachud has expressed progressive views on removing the marital rape exception from the Indian Penal Code, advocating for individual autonomy and consent within marriage.
7. How has CJI Chandrachud impacted gender equality in law?
Through judgments such as those on the Sabarimala case and the decriminalization of adultery, CJI Chandrachud has reinforced gender equality by removing discriminatory laws and practices.
8. Why is CJI Chandrachud’s approach significant in Indian law?
His judgments often emphasize human rights, individual liberty, and progressive interpretations of the Constitution, setting a precedent for future legal developments and strengthening democracy.